Selected references:
M. Tian, M. Z. E. Rafique, K. Chidambaranathan, R. Brost, D. Small, D. Novick, J. Yellowhair, Y. Yao. “A polarimetry-based field deployable non-interruptive mirror soiling detection method.” Solar Energy 310, March 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2026.114473
S. Schell, M. Emes, D. Kesseli, S. Meyen, M. Muller, P. Ndione, M. Neber, S. Yellapantula, G. Zhu, A. Zolan, K. Armijo, R. Brost, M. Gordon, J. Sment, A. Spieles, M. Cholette, G. Picotti, B. Yang. Roadmap to Advance Heliostat Technologies for High Temperature Solar-Thermal Systems. National Laboratory of the Rockies Report NLR/TP-5700-97216, February 2026. https://www.nlr.gov/docs/fy26osti/97216.pdf
M. Tian, K. Chidambaranathan, M. Z. E. Rafique, N. Desai, J. Bai, R. Brost, D. Small, D. Novick, J. Yellowhair, and Y. Yao. “Heliostat optical error inspection with polarimetric imaging drone.” Solar Energy 304, January 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2025.114185
R. C. Brost, N. Phelps, Zoe Wilf, B. Smith, and A. Evans. Ground Truth for CSP Mirror Metrology (Full Length). Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND2025-13532, October 2025. https://doi.org/10.2172/3000609
R. C. Brost, N. Phelps, Zoe Wilf, B. Smith, and A. Evans. Ground Truth for CSP Mirror Metrology. Presented in SolarPACES 2025, Almeria, Spain, September 23-26, 2025.
R. C. Brost, B. Smith, F Brimigion, and A. Evans. Optical Variation with Temperature for Two Different Heliostat Mirror Designs. Presented in SolarPACES 2025, Almeria, Spain, September 23-26, 2025.
R. C. Brost, A. J. Spieles, B. G. Bean, M. D. Leyba, and L. Bermudez. Swept-Lookback Deflectometry for High Performance Concentrating Solar Power Optical Metrology. Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Final Report. Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND2025-11894R, September 2025. https://doi.org/10.2172/2997322
R. C. Brost and M. Hwang. Heliostat Fallacies, Optical Prescriptions, and Variable-Shape Mirrors. Presented in Advances in Solar Energy: Heliostat Systems Design, Implementation, and Operation II, SPIE Optics and Photonics, San Diego, CA, August 3-7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3065461
R. C. Brost, B. Bean, E. Harvey, M. Hwang, T. Larkin, and B. Smith. OpenCSP Step-by-Step: Getting Started Guide for Windows, Document Version 1.0. Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND2025-10188, August 2025. https://doi.org/10.2172/2585506
R. C. Brost, B. Smith, F. Brimigion, B. Bean, E. Harvey, M. Hwang, T. Larkin, D. Madden, N. Phelps, and C. Tanaka-Lubensky. OpenCSP Portfolio, Document Version 1.0. Sandia presentation SAND2024‑12375 PE, September 18, 2024.
R. C. Brost, B. Bean, F. Brimigion, M. Gordon, E. Harvey, M. Hwang, T. Larkin, M. Mundt, N. Phelps, B. Smith, and C. Tanaka-Lubensky. OpenCSP: Collaborative Code and Data for CSP. Presented in SolarPACES 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2999387
R. C. Brost, B. Smith, and B. Bean. Hybrid Deflectometry. Presented in SolarPACES 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2589649
R. C. Brost, B. Smith, F. Brimigion, B. Bean, and A. Evans. SOFAST 2.0: Open-Source Deflectometry for CSP. Presented in SolarPACES 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2589648
B. Smith and R. C. Brost. Robust Deflectometry. SolarPACES 2023 Conference Proceedings, published 2024-09-16. https://www.tib-op.org/ojs/index.php/solarpaces/article/view/756; https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v2i.756
F. Brimigion, R. C. Brost, and B. Smith. Interactive CAD Layout of Reflection-Based Mirror Metrology Systems. SolarPACES 2023 Conference Proceedings, published 2024-08-28.
https://www.tib-op.org/ojs/index.php/solarpaces/article/view/855; https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v2i.855
R. C. Brost, A. Evans, and T. Larkin. Variation in Reflected Beam Shape and Pointing Accuracy Over Time and Heliostat Field Position. SolarPACES 2023 Conference Proceedings, published 2024-08-28.
https://www.tib-op.org/ojs/index.php/solarpaces/article/view/851; https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v2i.851
M. Tian, M. Z. E. Rafique, K. Chidambaranathan, R. Brost, D. Small, D. Novick, J. Yellowhair, Y. Yao. “A Polarimetric Imaging Method for Mirror Soiling Detection.” Presented at SPIE Optics and Photonics, San Diego, CA, August 19, 2024.
B. J. Smith, R. C. Brost, and B. G. Bean. SOFAST 2.0 User Guide and Technical Description, Document Version 1.0. Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND2024-10936, August 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2636931
B. J. Smith, R. C. Brost, and B. G. Bean. OpenCSP Deflectometry Technical Description, Document Version 1.0. Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND2024-10934, August 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2636941
B. J. Smith, R. C. Brost, and B. G. Bean. Scene Reconstruction User Guide, Document Version 1.0. Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND2024-10625, August 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2463024
B. J. Smith, R. C. Brost, and B. G. Bean. OpenCSP Camera Calibration, Document Version 1.0. Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND2024-10619, August 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2463025
Felicia M. Brimigion and R. C. Brost. SOFAST CAD Layout Tool Overview and User Guide, Document Version 1.0. Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND2024-10380, August 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2429907
R. C. Brost, F. Brimigion, B. Smith, and A. Evans. Optical Effects of Temperature Change for Heliostat Mirrors. Presented in the ES 2024 18th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Anaheim, CA, July 2024. https://heliocon.org/HelioCon_Workshop_2024_files/18-01_ASME-ES2024_Optical_Effects_of_Temperature_Change_v099_with_SAND_number_lores.pdf
https://doi.org/10.2172/2586131
R. Brost, D. Small, D. Novick, and B. Bean. High-Speed UAV Assessment of Heliostat Fields. Presented at Near Earth Autonomy, April 1, 2024.
G. Zhu, C. Augustine, R. Mitchell, M. Muller, P. Kurup, A. Zolan, S. Yellapantula, R. Brost, K. Armijo, J. Sment, R. Schaller, M. Gordon, M. Collins, J. Coventry, J. Pye, M. Chollette, G. Picotti, M. Arjomandi, M. Emes, D. Potter, M. Rae. HelioCon: A roadmap for advanced heliostat technologies for concentrating solar power. Solar Energy 264, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2023.111917
R. C. Brost, B. Smith, and F. Brimigion. Agile Deflectometry. SolarPACES Conference Proceedings, 1, December 14, 2023. https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.709
R. C. Brost. Distortion Effects in CSP Mirror Reflections. Presented in SolarPACES 2021, AIP Conference Proceedings 2815, 080002, October 6, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0149880
L. A. McNamara, R. C. Brost, and D. E. Small. Estimating the Value of Automated Technologies in the Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Industry. Presented in SolarPACES 2021, AIP Conference Proceedings 2815, 060002, October 6, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0148507
D. K. Novick, R. C. Brost, D. E. Small, N. R. Jackson, and M. Mann. Here Comes the Suns – Flight Safety for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Over Active Heliostat Fields. Presented in SolarPACES 2021, AIP Conference Proceedings 2815, 080007, October 6, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0149896
R. Brost, B. Smith, M. Hwang, T. Larkin. “Dual-Image Color Normalization to Enable High-Performance Concentrating Solar Optical Metrology.” Sandia LDRD final report SAND2023-09657R, September 2023. https://doi.org/10.2172/2430263
R. C. Brost. Challenges and Solutions in Heliostat Optical Metrology. DOE Heliostat Consortium Seminar presented September 27, 2023.
Slides: https://www.heliocon.org/hss_files/slides/2023_9_27_Heliostat_Optical_Metrology_Challenges_Solutions_final.pdf
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXTT22MYLdc
R. C. Brost, D. E. Small, D. Novick, and B. Bean. High-Speed Assessment of Heliostat Fields without Disrupting Operations. Presented in the ES 2023 17th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Washington, DC, July 2023. https://heliocon.org/HelioCon_workshop_docs/HelioCon_Metrology_UFACET_Brost_20230712.pdf
R. C. Brost, B. J. Smith, F. M. Brimigion, and A. T. Evans. Extending Deflectometry Metrology Capability for CSP. Presented in the ES 2023 17th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Washington, DC, July 2023. https://heliocon.org/HelioCon_workshop_docs/HelioCon_Metrology_SOFAST_Brost_20230712.pdf